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Adult Vaccination

Interventions to increase uptake

This map provides structured access to an up to date, robust body of secondary evidence on interventions to increase vaccination in adults. Sources included in the map may provide evidence which addresses the following question: What interventions are effective at increasing the uptake of vaccinations amongst adults (≥ 18 years)?

Date of last search: Jan 2025. Next update due: Jan 2026.

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Please note, you may need to scroll horizontally to see all the categories of evidence in the table.

Population Groups

Interventions	Religious communities	Military/ ex military	Adults	Pre existing health condition	People not registered with a GP	Asylum seekers	Pregnancy/ post-partum	Prisoner/ ex prisoner	Specific occupational group	Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations	Caregiver	Older adults	Other population group	Men who have sex with men	Drug users	Migrants	People from non-English speaking families	Students	Young people leaving long-term care	People receiving home visits for healthcare	Housebound	Not described	Care home residents	Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities	Homeless	Learning disability
Other Intervention	Other Intervention - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Provider Assessment and Feedback Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Standing Orders Stokes G, Richardson M, Brunton G, Khatwa M, Thomas J (2015) Review 3: Community engagement for health via coalitions, collaborations and partnerships (on-line social media and social networks) – a systematic review and meta-analysis Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Lorenc T et al., (2018) Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: evidence synthesis Stokes G, Richardson M, Brunton G, Khatwa M, Thomas J (2015) Review 3: Community engagement for health via coalitions, collaborations and partnerships (on-line social media and social networks) – a systematic review and meta-analysis Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Other Intervention - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.	Other Intervention - Other population group	Other Intervention - Men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [F] Evidence reviews for increasing uptake of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Reducing sexually transmitted infections	Other Intervention - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Other Intervention - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Other Intervention - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Other Intervention - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Not described	Other Intervention - Care home residents	Other Intervention - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Other Intervention - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Patient incentives	Patient incentives - Religious communities	Patient incentives - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Patient incentives - Adults Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Client or Family Incentive Rewards Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Reducing Client Out-of-Pocket Costs for Vaccinations Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Patient incentives - Pre existing health condition Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Patient incentives - People not registered with a GP	Patient incentives - Asylum seekers	Patient incentives - Pregnancy/ post-partum Palmer MJ et al. (2020) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health Till SR et al. (2015) Incentives for increasing prenatal care use by women in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.	Patient incentives - Prisoner/ ex prisoner Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Patient incentives - Specific occupational group Lorenc T et al., (2018) Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: evidence synthesis Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Patient incentives - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Patient incentives - Caregiver	Patient incentives - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.	Patient incentives - Other population group	Patient incentives - Men who have sex with men	Patient incentives - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2007) Drug misuse in over 16s: psychosocial interventions [CG51] Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Patient incentives - Migrants	Patient incentives - People from non-English speaking families	Patient incentives - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Patient incentives - Young people leaving long-term care	Patient incentives - People receiving home visits for healthcare	Patient incentives - Housebound	Patient incentives - Not described	Patient incentives - Care home residents	Patient incentives - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities	Patient incentives - Homeless Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Patient incentives - Learning disability
Provider incentives	Provider incentives - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Military/ ex military	Provider incentives - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33]	Provider incentives - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider incentives - Older adults Jia L et al. (2021) Payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings. Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.	Provider incentives - Other population group	Provider incentives - Men who have sex with men	Provider incentives - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Students	Provider incentives - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider incentives - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider incentives - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Not described	Provider incentives - Care home residents	Provider incentives - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider incentives - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Reminder/recall (provider)	Reminder/recall (provider) - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Military/ ex military	Reminder/recall (provider) - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Provider Reminders Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination	Reminder/recall (provider) - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33]	Reminder/recall (provider) - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.	Reminder/recall (provider) - Other population group	Reminder/recall (provider) - Men who have sex with men	Reminder/recall (provider) - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Students	Reminder/recall (provider) - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (provider) - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Not described	Reminder/recall (provider) - Care home residents	Reminder/recall (provider) - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (provider) - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Reminder/recall (patient)	Reminder/recall (patient) - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Arditi C et al. (2017) Computer‐generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Client Reminder and Recall Systems Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [C] Evidence review for reminders interventions to increase the uptake of routine vaccines Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] Jacobson Vann JC et al. (2018) Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates Arditi C et al. (2017) Computer‐generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [C] Evidence review for reminders interventions to increase the uptake of routine vaccines Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Palmer MJ et al. (2020) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health Jacobson Vann JC et al. (2018) Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates Posadzki P et al. (2016) Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions	Reminder/recall (patient) - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [C] Evidence review for reminders interventions to increase the uptake of routine vaccines Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community. Jacobson Vann JC et al. (2018) Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates Posadzki P et al. (2016) Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Health Care System-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [C] Evidence review for reminders interventions to increase the uptake of routine vaccines	Reminder/recall (patient) - Other population group Jacobson Vann JC et al. (2018) Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates	Reminder/recall (patient) - Men who have sex with men Jacobson Vann JC et al. (2018) Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [F] Evidence reviews for increasing uptake of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Reducing sexually transmitted infections	Reminder/recall (patient) - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Reminder/recall (patient) - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (patient) - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Not described	Reminder/recall (patient) - Care home residents	Reminder/recall (patient) - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Reminder/recall (patient) - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Health literacy	Health literacy - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Health literacy - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection [PH43] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Health literacy - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Health literacy - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Stormacq C et al. (2020) Effects of health literacy interventions on health-related outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged adults living in the community: a systematic review Posadzki P et al. (2016) Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions	Health literacy - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection [PH43] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Health literacy - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Lorenc T et al., (2018) Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: evidence synthesis Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Health literacy - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Health literacy - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Health literacy - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community. Posadzki P et al. (2016) Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2016) Vaccination Programs: Home Visits to Increase Vaccination Rates Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Clinic-based Client Education When Used Alone Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Wide Education When Used Alone Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Health Care System-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination	Health literacy - Other population group	Health literacy - Men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection [PH43] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [F] Evidence reviews for increasing uptake of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Reducing sexually transmitted infections	Health literacy - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection [PH43] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Health literacy - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Health literacy - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Health literacy - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Health literacy - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Not described	Health literacy - Care home residents	Health literacy - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Health literacy - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2021) Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment	Health literacy - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Multicomponent Interventions	Multicomponent Interventions - Religious communities	Multicomponent Interventions - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - Adults Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - People not registered with a GP	Multicomponent Interventions - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] Palmer MJ et al. (2020) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health	Multicomponent Interventions - Prisoner/ ex prisoner	Multicomponent Interventions - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Older adults Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Health Care System-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination	Multicomponent Interventions - Other population group	Multicomponent Interventions - Men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [F] Evidence reviews for increasing uptake of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men	Multicomponent Interventions - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Migrants	Multicomponent Interventions - People from non-English speaking families	Multicomponent Interventions - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Multicomponent Interventions - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Housebound	Multicomponent Interventions - Not described	Multicomponent Interventions - Care home residents	Multicomponent Interventions - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Multicomponent Interventions - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]
Provider education	Provider education - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Provider education - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Provider education - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review Cross A J et al. (2022) Educational interventions for health professionals managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care	Provider education - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Provider education - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Provider education - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider education - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community.	Provider education - Other population group	Provider education - Men who have sex with men	Provider education - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Provider education - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider education - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Provider education - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Not described Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2015) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Provider Education When Used Alone	Provider education - Care home residents	Provider education - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Provider education - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]
Improving access	Improving access - Religious communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Military/ ex military Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - Adults National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Stokes G, Richardson M, Brunton G, Khatwa M, Thomas J (2015) Review 3: Community engagement for health via coalitions, collaborations and partnerships (on-line social media and social networks) – a systematic review and meta-analysis Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement. (2014) Increasing Appropriate Vaccination: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - Pre existing health condition National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - People not registered with a GP National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Asylum seekers National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Pregnancy/ post-partum National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Prisoner/ ex prisoner National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Specific occupational group National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Lorenc T et al., (2018) Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: evidence synthesis Stokes G, Richardson M, Brunton G, Khatwa M, Thomas J (2015) Review 3: Community engagement for health via coalitions, collaborations and partnerships (on-line social media and social networks) – a systematic review and meta-analysis Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218] Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - Caregiver National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Improving access - Older adults Thomas RE and Lorenzetti DL. (2018) Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community. Community Preventive Services Taskforce Task Force Finding and Rationale Statement (2016) Vaccination Programs: Home Visits to Increase Vaccination Rates	Improving access - Other population group	Improving access - Men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2021) Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [F] Evidence reviews for increasing uptake of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Reducing sexually transmitted infections	Improving access - Drug users National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Migrants National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - People from non-English speaking families National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Students Andreas M et al. (2022) Interventions to increase COVID‐19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review	Improving access - Young people leaving long-term care National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Improving access - People receiving home visits for healthcare National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103]	Improving access - Housebound National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Not described	Improving access - Care home residents	Improving access - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Homeless National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016) Tuberculosis [NG33] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]	Improving access - Learning disability National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Flu vaccination: increasing uptake [NG103] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022) Vaccine uptake in the general population [NG218]

Adult Vaccination

Interventions to increase uptake

Population Groups

Interventions

Other Intervention - Religious communities

Other Intervention - Military/ ex military

Other Intervention - Adults

Other Intervention - Pre existing health condition

Other Intervention - People not registered with a GP

Other Intervention - Asylum seekers

Other Intervention - Pregnancy/ post-partum

Other Intervention - Prisoner/ ex prisoner

Other Intervention - Specific occupational group

Other Intervention - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations

Other Intervention - Caregiver

Other Intervention - Older adults

Other Intervention - Other population group

Other Intervention - Men who have sex with men

Other Intervention - Drug users

Other Intervention - Migrants

Other Intervention - People from non-English speaking families

Other Intervention - Students

Other Intervention - Young people leaving long-term care

Other Intervention - People receiving home visits for healthcare

Other Intervention - Housebound

Other Intervention - Not described

Other Intervention - Care home residents

Other Intervention - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities

Other Intervention - Homeless

Other Intervention - Learning disability

Patient incentives - Religious communities

Patient incentives - Military/ ex military

Patient incentives - Adults

Patient incentives - Pre existing health condition

Patient incentives - People not registered with a GP

Patient incentives - Asylum seekers

Patient incentives - Pregnancy/ post-partum

Patient incentives - Prisoner/ ex prisoner

Patient incentives - Specific occupational group

Patient incentives - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations

Patient incentives - Caregiver

Patient incentives - Older adults

Patient incentives - Other population group

Patient incentives - Men who have sex with men

Patient incentives - Drug users

Patient incentives - Migrants

Patient incentives - People from non-English speaking families

Patient incentives - Students

Patient incentives - Young people leaving long-term care

Patient incentives - People receiving home visits for healthcare

Patient incentives - Housebound

Patient incentives - Not described

Patient incentives - Care home residents

Patient incentives - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities

Patient incentives - Homeless

Patient incentives - Learning disability

Provider incentives - Religious communities

Provider incentives - Military/ ex military

Provider incentives - Adults

Provider incentives - Pre existing health condition

Provider incentives - People not registered with a GP

Provider incentives - Asylum seekers

Provider incentives - Pregnancy/ post-partum

Provider incentives - Prisoner/ ex prisoner

Provider incentives - Specific occupational group

Provider incentives - Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations

Provider incentives - Caregiver

Provider incentives - Older adults

Provider incentives - Other population group

Provider incentives - Men who have sex with men

Provider incentives - Drug users

Provider incentives - Migrants

Provider incentives - People from non-English speaking families

Provider incentives - Students

Provider incentives - Young people leaving long-term care

Provider incentives - People receiving home visits for healthcare

Provider incentives - Housebound

Provider incentives - Not described

Provider incentives - Care home residents

Provider incentives - Gypsy, Roma and traveller communities